A Weak US Dollar Effects on Companies outside the USA

What effect, if any, does a weakening of $US have on reported sales and net income for companies operating outside the United States?

The consequences of currency exchange rates might be significant on the net sales and revenue numbers of companies operating outside the USA. Alterations in foreign currency exchange rates as a result of a waning U.S. dollar augment the firm's revenue and net sales. The improved sales are not caused by increasing quantity but due to fluctuations in the exchange rate as the dollar declines. Foreign companies trade in their local foreign currencies. A fragile dollar both increases the worth of sales in different currencies and makes a company’s products fairly less costly on global markets, while an increased dollar has the reverse upshots.

What is the concept of pro forma income and why has this income measure been criticized?

Pro forma accounting is a declaration of the business’s monetary activities apart of odd and non-returning operations when affirming how much cash the company in reality generated. Costs frequently kept out from pro forma results comprise company reformation costs, a reduction in the value of the firm's funds or different accounting charges, such as altering the present financial statement to mend defective accounting practices in preceding years. Numerous reviewers dispute that pro forma income reports are plainly an endeavor by administration to convey the firm’s income in a more augmented way or to justify reduced fiscal performance. They also state that such income reports appear helpful in hiding GAAP loss and changing it into a pro forma profit thus deceiving investors (James et al., 2003).